Molecular physiology of vesicular glutamate transporters in the digestive system

Vesicular Glutamate Transporters In Cognito

developed that BNP1 might have alternative, or at least additional roles. First, mutations in a BNP1 homolog in C. elegans (eat-4) were noted to cause presynaptic An essential step in chemical synaptic transmission in-deficits in glutamatergic transmission (Berger et al., volves concentration of neurotransmitter into synaptic 1998). Second, immunocytochemical studies of BNP1 vesicles, allowing ...

Distribution of vesicular glutamate transporters in the human brain

Glutamate is the major excitatory transmitter in the brain. Vesicular glutamate transporters (VGLUT1-3) are responsible for uploading glutamate into synaptic vesicles. VGLUT1 and VGLUT2 are considered as specific markers of canonical glutamatergic neurons, while VGLUT3 is found in neurons previously shown to use other neurotransmitters than glutamate. Although there exists a rich literature on ...

Anatomy and Physiology of the Digestive System

Protons Regulate Vesicular Glutamate Transporters through an Allosteric Mechanism

The quantal nature of synaptic transmission requires a mechanism to transport neurotransmitter into synaptic vesicles without promoting non-vesicular efflux across the plasma membrane. Indeed, the vesicular transport of most classical transmitters involves a mechanism of H(+) exchange, which restricts flux to acidic membranes such as synaptic vesicles. However, vesicular transport of the princi...

Molecular physiology of renal organic anion transporters.

Recent advances in molecular biology have identified three organic anion transporter families: the organic anion transporter (OAT) family encoded by SLC22A, the organic anion transporting peptide (OATP) family encoded by SLC21A (SLCO), and the multidrug resistance-associated protein (MRP) family encoded by ABCC. These families play critical roles in the transepithelial transport of organic anio...